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摘要:
为提升光纤水听器拖曳线阵列的适装性，提出一种柔顺型光纤光栅水听器阵列。根据力学理论模型计算3种柔顺型光纤光栅水听器声压灵敏度，比较分析其影响因素，通过有限元仿真进行频响分析，研制了直径分别为10 mm、12 mm和16 mm的2元柔顺型光纤光栅水听器样阵，采用振动液柱法实验测试其灵敏度。实验结果表明：柔顺型光纤光栅水听器在200～800 Hz的频率范围内响应平坦，不同结构参数的水听器阵列平均声压灵敏度分别为−138.90 dB、−134.71 dB、−136.12 dB，验证了理论与仿真分析的正确性。按照本文的设计，通过进一步优化材料和结构参数，采用弱反射光纤光栅，可以构建数百阵元的一体化柔顺型水听器阵列。
Abstract:In order to improve the suitability of the fiber hydrophone towing line array, a flexible fiber grating hydrophone array was proposed.The sound pressure sensitivity of three flexible fiber grating hydrophones was calculated according to the mechanical theoretical model, and the influence factors were compared and analyzed. 2-element flexible fiber hydrophone sample arrays with diameters of 10 mm,12 mm and 16 mm were developed through finite element simulation for frequency response analysis. The sensitivity was measured by a vibration liquid column experiment. The experimental results show that the response is flat within the frequency range of 200~800 Hz, and the average sound pressure sensitivities of the hydrophone arrays with different structural parameters are −138.90 dB, −134.71 dB, and −136.12 dB, respectively. The theory and simulation analysis are verified. By further optimizing the material and structure parameters and using weak reflection fiber grating, an integrated flexible hydrophone array with hundreds of elements can be constructed according to the design in this paper.
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图 4 声压灵敏度与缠绕光纤的弹性柱体长度的关系曲线
Figure 4. Relation curve of sound pressure sensitivity to length of elastic cylinder winded with fiber
图 5 不同泊松比时，声压灵敏度与弹性柱体杨氏模量的关系曲线
Figure 5. Relation curves of sound pressure sensitivity to Young’s modulus of elastic cylinder at different Poisson ratios
图 6 不同薄壁厚度时，声压灵敏度与弹性柱体内径的关系曲线
Figure 6. Relation curves of sound pressure sensitivity to inner diameter of elastic cylinder at different thicknesses of elastic cylinder
图 7 8 mm×12 mm的柔顺型光纤光栅水听器一阶模态云图
Figure 7. First-order modal cloud image of 8 mm×12 mm flexible fiber grating hydrophone
图 8 8 mm×12 mm的柔顺型光纤光栅水听器频响曲线
Figure 8. Frequency response curve of 8 mm×12 mm flexible FBG hydrophone
图 9 2基元柔顺型光纤光栅水听器阵列及反射信号波形图
Figure 9. 2-element flexible fiber grating hydrophone array and its reflected signal waveform
图 10 柔顺型光纤光栅水听器阵列数据波形图
Figure 10. Data waveforms of flexible fiber grating hydrophone array
图 11 315 Hz时1号水听器的解调结果
Figure 11. The demodulation results of No.1 hydrophone at 315 Hz
图 12 8 mm×12 mm柔顺型光纤光栅水听器频响曲线
Figure 12. Frequency response curve of 8 mm×12 mm flexible fiber grating hydrophone
图 13 柔顺型光纤光栅水听器的频响曲线
Figure 13. Frequency response curves of flexible fiber grating hydrophone
表 1 水听器基元材料参数
Table 1. Basic material parameters of hydrophone
材料名称 E/ GPa μ ρ/(kg·m−3) PE管（高压聚乙烯） 1.07 0.4101 950 弯曲不敏感光纤 19 0.34 1400 
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表 2 柔顺型光纤光栅水听器参数及灵敏度
Table 2. Parameters and sensitivities of flexible fiber grating hydrophones
规格 内半径a/mm 外半径b/mm 薄壁厚度D/mm 弹性体长度C/mm 声压灵敏度/dB（re 1rad/μPa） 8 mm×12 mm 4 6 2 66.31 −133.99 8 mm×10 mm 4 5 1 79.58 −128.45 12 mm×16 mm 6 8 2 49.74 −130.80
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表 3 不同规格的柔顺型光纤光栅水听器声压灵敏度仿真结果
Table 3. Simulation results of sound pressure sensitivity of flexible fiber grating hydrophones with different specifications
光纤光栅水听器 平均声压灵敏度/ dB（re 1 rad/μPa） 8 mm×12 mm −138.63 8 mm×10 mm −132.90 12 mm×16 mm −135.30
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