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摘要:
为了消除光束倾角带来的不确定性，本文建立了一种双路偏振式激光多普勒测速系统。该系统使用双光束双探头结构来探测物体的运动信息。首先，通过转动实验精确获得双光束间的夹角大小，对于任意光束倾角，本文采用双探头装置收集运动物体表面的散射光束，结合双路偏振式光路结构，得到两路干涉信号的多普勒频移。然后，创新性采用了细化分帧算法对两路干涉信号进行实时解调，通过两路速度分量的合成得到物体真实速度。实验结果表明：速度在10 mm/min~1500 mm/min范围内，测量值与理论值之间的平均误差可以达到1%~5%。在非平稳运动过程中，通过细化分帧算法修正后的v-t图像RMSE均值为1.19 mm/min。该系统结构满足速度测量的稳定可靠、精度高、抗干扰能力强等要求。
Abstract:In order to eliminate the uncertainty caused by the inclination of a beam, a dual polarization laser Doppler velocimetry system is established. We use a structure with two beams and two probes to detect the motion of the object. Firstly, the angle between the two beams is obtained by a calibration experiment. For any beam inclination, the scattered beam on the surface of a moving object is collected by a dual-probe device, and the Doppler shift of the two interference signals is obtained by combining the dual polarization optical path structure. Then, the refined framing algorithm is applied to demodulate the two interference signals in real time. The real speed of the object is obtained through the synthesis of the two speed components. The experimental results show that the average deviation between the measured value and the theoretical value can reach 1%−5% when the speed is within the range of 10 mm/min~1500 mm/min. In the process of non-stationary motion, the mean RMSE of the v-t image corrected by the refining frame segmentation algorithm is 1.19 mm/min. The system’s structure meets the requirements of stability and reliability, high precision and strong anti-interference ability in speed measurement.
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Key words:
- Laser Doppler Velocimetry(LDV) /
- dual polarization /
- refine framing /
- double probe
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图 4 信号采集图。（a）原始信号；（b）200 K~280 K处采样点；（c）280 K~300 K处采样点；（d）原始信号频谱
Figure 4. Signal acquisition diagram. (a) Original signal; (b) sampling points at 200 K~280 K; (c) sampling points at 280 K~300 K; (d) original signal spectrum
图 7 （a）1路和（b）2路原始信号图
Figure 7. Original signal diagrams of (a) channel 1 and (b) channel 2
图 8 （a）1路和（b）2路信号的频谱图
Figure 8. Spectrum diagrams of signals in (a) channel 1 and (b) channel 2
图 9 （a） FFT 对数振幅谱及（b） 细化分帧对数振幅谱
Figure 9. (a) FFT logarithmic amplitude spectrum and (b) refine framing logarithmic amplitude spectrum
图 10 不同分帧下的时频图。（a）N=5 K；（b）N=2 K；（c）N=1 K；（d）N=0.5 K；（e）N=0.25 K；（f）N=0.2 K；
Figure 10. Time frequency diagrams under different framings. (a) N=5 K; (b) N=2 K; (c) N=1 K; (d) N=0.5 K; (e) N=0.25 K; (f) N=0.2 K；
图 12 （a）1路和（b）2路速度分量与（c）合速度
Figure 12. Speed component of (a) channel 1 and (b) channel 2 and (c) the combined speed
图 13 （a）细化分帧解调后和（b）STFT解调后的v-t图
Figure 13. Detailed v-t diagram after (a) frame dividing demodulation and (b) STFT demodulation
图 15 加速过程中（a）1路，（b）2 路和（c）合速度的v-t图像
Figure 15. v-t diagram of (a) channel 1; (b) channel 2 and (c) the combined speed during acceleration
图 16 （a）未经算法修正和（b）算法修正后结果
Figure 16. v-t diagram (a) before and (b) after algorithm modification
表 1 速度测量的结果对比
Table 1. Comparison results of speed measurement
线性位移
平台速度
(mm/min)细化分帧 STFT APD1
(Hz)APD2
(Hz)和速度
(mm/min)偏差
(%)APD1
(Hz)APD2
(Hz)和速度
(mm/min)偏差
(%)1500 13524 11915 1482 1.20 13478 11959 1414 5.73 1200 10827 9550 1215 1.25 10878 9661 1134 5.50 1000 9186 8086 1014 1.40 9074 8060 946 5.40 800 7309 6427 810 1.27 7305 6523 726 9.25 600 5490 4824 611 1.88 5417 4819 558 7.00 
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