Design of a fast multi-dimensional imaging guidance optical system based on array optics
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摘要:
针对传统偏振光谱成像方法难以适用于弹载平台的难题，本文提出了一种基于阵列光学的快速多维度成像制导光学方案。构建了通道分辨率与望远放大倍率的关联模型，实现了微透镜阵列、光谱滤光阵列和微纳偏振阵列探测器参数的精准匹配和高效利用。基于常规导引头和工业偏振探测器，设计了包含球形整流罩的多维度成像制导光学系统。系统采用4×4光场分割布局，在可见光波段内形成16个光谱通道，光谱分辨率为16 nm，实现了单光路、单探测器条件下同时高效获取0°、45°、90°、135° 4个偏振方向偏振光谱图像数据。系统整体焦距为150 mm，筒长为145 mm。仿真结果表明，系统16个通道下全视场调制传递函数在奈奎斯特频率处均接近衍射极限，成像质量良好，满足弹载目标多维度探测与识别需求。
Abstract:To address the bottleneck that makes the conventional polarization spectral imaging method difficult to apply to the ballistic platform, a fast multi-dimensional imaging guidance optical system based on array optics is proposed. The correlation model between channel resolution and telescopic magnification is constructed. The precise matching and efficient utilization of the parameters of the microlens array, spectral filter array, and micro-nano-polarization array detector are realized. Based on the conventional guidance head and commercial polarization detector, a multi-dimensional imaging guidance optical system with spherical dome is designed. The system adopts a 4×4 optical field segmentation layout, forming 16 spectral channels through the visible light band with a spectral resolution of 16 nm. A polarization spectral data cube in four polarization directions, such as 0°, 45°, 90°, and 135° is acquired efficiently under the conditions of a single optical path and a single detector. The system has an effective focal length of 150 mm and a structure length of 145 mm. Simulation results show that the full-field modulation transfer function of the system is close to the diffraction limit at the Nyquist frequency for 16 channels. The imaging quality meets the requirements of bullet-loaded target multi-dimensional detection and identification.
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图 1 本文所提多维度快速成像制导光学系统组成示意图
Figure 1. Schematic diagram of the proposed fast multi-dimensional imaging guidance optical system
图 3 不同空间分辨率下微透镜阵列子单元通光孔径与望远单元放大倍率关系曲线
Figure 3. The relationship between the aperture of the sub-unit of the microlens array and the telescope unit magnification at different spatial resolutions
图 6 微透镜阵列像方远心光路示意图
Figure 6. Schematic diagram of telecentric imaging optical path of microlens array
图 9 光学系统16个光谱通道归一化视场下的畸变图
Figure 9. Distortion map of 16 spectral channels in the normalized field of view of the optical system
图 10 光学系统16个光谱通道能量集中度曲线
Figure 10. The energy concentration curves of 16 spectral channels of the optical system
表 1 光学系统技术指标
Table 1. Technical index of the optical system
参数 数值 有效焦距/mm 150 入瞳孔径/mm 17.25 空间分辨率/m 0.25@10 km 视场/mrad 5.34×5.34 工作波长/nm 450~706 光谱分辨率/nm 16 探测器靶面 4096 ×3000 像元尺寸/μm 3.45 
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表 2 光学系统公差设置
Table 2. Optical system tolerance settings
对象 公差类型 数值 望远单元 主镜 次镜 X、Y方向偏心/mm ±0.08 ±0.08 Z方向厚度/mm ±0.025 ±0.025 X、Y方向倾斜/(°) ±0.1 ±0.1 二次曲率系数 ±0.001 ±0.001 曲率半径/mm ±0.001 ±0.001 微透镜阵列 位置精度偏心/mm ±0.005 厚度/mm ±0.025 单元透镜倾斜/(′) ±0.3 不规则度 ±0.2 曲率半径/mm ±0.01 光谱滤光阵列 位置精度偏心/mm ±0.005 光谱通道倾斜/(′) ±0.3 不规则度 ±0.2 厚度/mm ±0.01 常规透镜 折射率 ± 0.0008 光圈数 ±2 厚度/mm ±0.025 不规则度 ±0.25 阿贝数/% 0.08 元件倾斜/(′) ±0.8 表面倾斜/(′) ±0.8 元件偏心/mm ±0.008 表面偏心/mm ±0.008
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表 3 蒙特卡罗公差分析结果
Table 3. Monte Carlo tolerance analysis results
通道 RMS光斑半径/μm 通道 RMS光斑半径/μm 90% 90% 通道1 5.936 通道9 4.737 通道2 4.927 通道10 2.899 通道3 4.786 通道11 2.994 通道4 5.723 通道12 4.938 通道5 4.880 通道13 5.885 通道6 3.087 通道 14 5.047 通道7 3.007 通道15 5.296 通道8 4.895 通道16 5.821
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