Improving sensitivity by multi-coherence of magnetic surface plasmons
doi: 10.37188/CO.EN.2022-0009
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摘要:
本文研究了一维金属纳米狭缝阵列中磁表面等离激元的相干现象，并提出了一种双谷传感方法以提高灵敏度。与通常所采用的固定入射角度进行波长扫描的方式不同，本文采用固定波长改变入射角度的方式研究表面等离激元的相干现象。由于延迟效应的存在，随着周围介质折射率的变化，两个谷会向相反的方向移动。相比于使用单一谷进行标定的方式，两个相反方向移动的谷可以有效提高灵敏度。用于标定的两个谷单独的灵敏度最大分别为39.2°/RIU和102.4°/RIU，而双谷标定的总灵敏度可达141.6°/RIU。此外，狭缝介质与上层介质的折射率不一致对传感性能的影响很小，故其有广泛的应用前景。
Abstract:In this paper, we study the coherence of magnetic surface plasmons in one-dimensional metallic nano-slit arrays and propose a double-dip sensing method to improve sensitivity. Different from the conventional way of scanning wavelength at a fixed incident angle, coherence of surface plasmons is investigated by changing the incident angle at a fixed wavelength. Due to the retardation effect, two coherence dips move in opposite directions as the refractive index of the surrounding medium changes. Compared with one dip used for sensing, two oppositely moving dips can efficiently improve the sensitivity. The total sensitivity of two dips can reach 141.6°/RIU while the sensitivities of two single dips are 39.2°/RIU and 102.4°/RIU respectively. Besides, the inconsistency between the refractive index of slit medium and upper medium has few influences on the sensing performance, which will have wide practical applications.
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Key words:
- surface plasmons /
- refractive index sensor /
- coherence /
- metal grating
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Figure 1. (a) Schematic diagram of one-dimensional metallic nano-slit arrays structure on sapphire substrate. The whole structure is immersed in water; (b) the reflection spectrum at normal incidence; (c)(d) the normalized magnetic field intensity distributions corresponding to the dip 1 and dip 2, respectively
Figure 2. Analysis of the phase difference between neighboring magnetic surface plasmon resonances in one-dimensional metallic nano-slit arrays in (a) water and (b) substrate. The red arrows represent the incident light
Figure 3. 2D Reflection spectra of the structure in the range of
$\theta = 0 \sim 60^\circ $ and$\lambda = 1\;000 \sim 1\;700\;{\rm{nm}}$ . (a) Three dashed lines$C_{m = - 1}^{{\rm{water}}}$ ,$C_{m = 1}^{{\rm{water}}}$ , and$C_{m = - 2}^{{\rm{water}}}$ represent different orders of magnetic surface plasmon coherence corresponding to the interface between metal and water, respectively. Two solid lines$C_{l = - 2}^{{\rm{sub}}}$ and$C_{l = 1}^{{\rm{sub}}}$ represent different orders of coherence corresponding to the interface between metal and substrate; (b) positions of fixed wavelength$\lambda = 1150\;{\rm{nm}}$ and fixed incident angle$\theta = 5^\circ $ are marked by vertical and horizontal dashed lines in 2D spectrum, respectively
Figure 4. (a) Angle-resolved reflection spectrum at a fixed incident wavelength of 1150 nm. (b) The four graphs show the normalized magnetic field intensity distributions corresponding to the four dips A, B, C and D appearing in (a), respectively. Black arrows represent the Poynting vectors
Figure 5. (a) The angle-resolved reflectance spectrum obtained by changing the refractive index of the upper medium (nw=1.33 ~ 1.53) with an interval of 0.05 at the wavelength of 1150 nm. (b) Dip position varying with the refractive index. (c) Reflection spectrum is obtained by changing the wavelength when
$\theta $ is fixed at 5°. As the refractive index increases, both coherence dips are red-shifted. (d) The angle difference between dip A and dip B varying with the upper medium
Figure 6. Sensing performance comparison in two conditions. Condition 1: the refractive index of the medium in the slit is the same as that of the upper medium; condition 2: the refractive index of the medium in the slit is fixed at 1.33
Table 1. Sensitivities and FOMs with different refractive indices
n 1.33 1.38 1.43 1.48 1.53 SA/(°)·RIU−1 39.2 37.4 34.8 33.2 32.4 SB/(°)·RIU−1 102.4 95.4 83.4 74.2 70 S/(°)·RIU−1 141.6 132.8 118.2 107.4 102.4 FOMA/RIU−1 115.2 104.0 91.8 85.6 82.9 FOMB/RIU−1 214.1 213.7 185.9 172.3 167.3 
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