半导体白激光作为水下成像系统光源与单色激光、LED白光的对比成像实验

江子琦; 刘晓梅; 蔡夫鸿; 张典; 蔡惟玙; 柳华

doi:10.37188/CO.EN.2022-0012

半导体白激光作为水下成像系统光源与单色激光、LED白光的对比成像实验

1.
海南大学机电工程学院，海南海口 570228
2.
抚州职业技术学院，江西抚州 344000

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中图分类号: O432.3
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2022-07-22
- 修回日期: 2022-08-03
- 网络出版日期: 2022-09-27

Imaging comparison experiment of an underwater imaging system with a semiconductor white laser, a monochromatic laser and an LED white light as the light source

doi: 10.37188/CO.EN.2022-0012

1.
College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
2.
Fuzhou Vocational Technical College, Fuzhou 344000, China

Funds: Supported by National Key Research and Development Project (No. 2018YFC1407503); National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 61964006); the Scientific Research Fund of Hainan University (No. KYQD(ZR)1853)

More Information

Author Bio:
JIANG Zi-qi (1996—), female, born in Fuzhou, Jiangxi Proxince, obtained her master's degree from Hainan University in 2021, mainly engaged in the synthesis of semiconductor laser white light sources, underwater imaging, etc. E-mail: 474972775@qq.com

LIU Xiao-mei (1981—), Ph.D., female, born in Changchun, Jilin province, lecturer, received a bachelor degree from Changchun University of Science and Technology in 2004 and a doctorate degree from the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences in 2013. She is currently a teacher at the School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering of Hainan University, mainly engaged in imaging spectroscopy, opto-mechanical integration. E-mail: liuxm@hainanu.edu.cn

Corresponding author: liuxm@hainanu.edu.cn

摘要

摘要:
为了解决现阶段开展水下探测工作时存在的照明距离短、光谱范围窄等问题，建立了水下半导体白激光成像系统，并对该系统在不同光源及不同条件下采集图像的质量进行分析。将基于红绿蓝（RGB）三基色半导体激光器合成的功率为220 mW、色温为6469 K的白激光作为水下照明光源，分别与红、绿、蓝三种单色激光及LED白光光源在不同条件下的水下成像效果进行对比。对于不同水下光源采集的图像，使用不同算法对其进行处理、分析及质量评价。实验结果表明：半导体白激光作为水下光源，采集的图像不仅在细节信息及结构完整性上优于LED白光光源，同时在目标物色彩还原度以及边缘特征信息完整度方面也优于单色激光。半导体白激光具有能量集中、显色性强、光照度高的优势，其光源性能可满足水下低照度的成像要求，在相同的成像系统及成像距离下可获得真实性更强、质感更好、目标物特征信息更多的图像。
- 激光显示 /
- 半导体白激光 /
- 水下激光成像 /
- 水下图像处理
Abstract:
To solve the problems of short illumination distance and narrow spectral range in the current underwater detection technology, an underwater semiconductor white laser imaging system was established. The quality of the images captured by the system under different light sources and different conditions was studied. A white laser with a power of 220 mW and a color temperature of 6469 K synthesized by an RGB semiconductor laser is used as the underwater lighting source, which is respectively compared with three RGB monochromatic lasers and an LED white light source under different conditions. For these images, different algorithms are used to process, analyze and evaluate their quality. The results indicate that when the white laser is used as the underwater light source, the collected image is not only better than that with the LED white light source with respect to information detail and structural integrity, but also better than the monochrome laser in color reproduction of the target and the integrity of the edge feature information. The semiconductor white laser has the advantages of concentrated energy, strong color rendering, and high illuminance, and its light source performance can meet the requirements of underwater low-illumination imaging. With the same imaging system and imaging distance, images with stronger authenticity, better texture and more target feature information can be obtained.
- laser display /
- semiconductor white laser /
- underwater laser imaging /
- underwater image processing

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Figure 1. Schematic diagram of the underwater laser imaging experiment

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Figure 2. Experimental setup for red, green and blue lasers

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Figure 3. Output spectrum of semiconductor white laser

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Figure 4. Output spectrum of the semiconductor red laser

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Figure 5. Output spectrum of the semiconductor green laser

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Figure 6. Output spectrum of the semiconductor blue laser

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Figure 7. Underwater lighting test with different light sources

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Figure 8. The lighting effect of different light sources illuminating green leaves, safflower and oranges in clear water at a distance of 5 cm from the water surface

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Figure 9. The lighting effect of different light sources illuminating green leaves, safflower and orange targets in clear water at a distance of 19 cm from the water surface

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Figure 10. The lighting effects of different light sources illuminating green leaves, safflower, and oranges in seawater at a distance of 5 cm from the water surface

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Figure 11. The lighting effects of different light sources illuminating green leaves, safflower, and oranges in seawater at a distance of 19 cm from the water surface

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Figure 12. Images of different size templates with the underwater imaging distance of 19 cm processed by median filter method. (a) Original image; (b) gray image; template processing results with (c) 3×3 window size; (d) 5×5 window size; (e) 7×7 window size; (f) 9×9 window size

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Figure 13. Image processing results of the histogram equalization algorithm with an underwater imaging distance of 19 cm

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Figure 14. Original image (left) and processing results (right) of piecewise linear grayscale transformation of underwater imaging at a distance of 19 cm

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Figure 15. Imaging results with different light sources when the underwater imaging distance is 15 cm in clear water and seawater

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Figure 16. Imaging with different light sources near the water surface in clear water and seawater

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Figure 17. Image processing results obtained with the light source LED1 in seawater imaging on the water surface

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Figure 18. Image processing results obtained with the light source LED2 in seawater imaging on the water surface

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Figure 19. Image processing results obtained with the light source white laser in seawater imaging on the water surface

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Figure 20. Image processing and evaluation method

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Figure 21. Image processing results of object A taken near the water surface under different white light sources in seawater

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Figure 22. Image processing results of object B taken near the water surface under different white light sources in seawater

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Table 1. Relevant optical parameters of the LED white light source

	LED1	LED2
Color temperature/K	7261	5846
Dominant wavelength/nm	477.9	518.9
Color rendering index/Ra	63	64.9
R proportion/(%)	11.7	11.8
G proportion/(%)	86.4	86.2
B proportion/(%)	1.8	2

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Table 2. Results of Peak Signal to Noise Ratio (PSNR)

	LED1 object A/B	LED2 object A/B	white laser object A/B
CLAHE	12.8346/14.5588	13.1192/16.5358	20.1845/20.4774
Laplacian Pyramid Fusion	18.9785/17.0071	17.8455/13.0359	19.0232/18.9562
F-C	12.2237/12.9728	12.3596/11.9641	17.0214/17.6895
C-F	12.0095/11.7048	11.5700/10.8762	17.1908/16.0493

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Table 3. Results of Structural Similarity Image Integnity（SSIM）

	LED1 object A/B	LED2 object A/B	white laser object A/B
CLAHE	0.8416/0.7122	0.7904/0.8709	0.8230/0.9070
Laplacian Pyramid Fusion	0.9279/0.9251	0.9249/0.9291	0.9465/0.9398
F-C	0.8088/0.6590	0.7510/0.8058	0.7550/0.8749
C-F	0.8271/0.5615	0.7610/0.7392	0.7687/0.8184

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