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无拖曳航天任务检验质量的设计和比较

傅江良 甘庆波 张扬 赵柯昕 袁洪

傅江良, 甘庆波, 张扬, 赵柯昕, 袁洪. 无拖曳航天任务检验质量的设计和比较[J]. 中国光学(中英文), 2019, 12(3): 463-476. doi: 10.3788/CO.20191203.0463
引用本文: 傅江良, 甘庆波, 张扬, 赵柯昕, 袁洪. 无拖曳航天任务检验质量的设计和比较[J]. 中国光学(中英文), 2019, 12(3): 463-476. doi: 10.3788/CO.20191203.0463
FU Jiang-liang, GAN Qing-bo, ZHANG Yang, ZHAO Ke-xin, YUAN Hong. Design and trade-off study of proof masses for future spatial drag-free missions[J]. Chinese Optics, 2019, 12(3): 463-476. doi: 10.3788/CO.20191203.0463
Citation: FU Jiang-liang, GAN Qing-bo, ZHANG Yang, ZHAO Ke-xin, YUAN Hong. Design and trade-off study of proof masses for future spatial drag-free missions[J]. Chinese Optics, 2019, 12(3): 463-476. doi: 10.3788/CO.20191203.0463

无拖曳航天任务检验质量的设计和比较

doi: 10.3788/CO.20191203.0463
基金项目: 

国家自然科学基金资助项目 11303029

国家自然科学基金资助项目 U1731131

中国科学院青年创新促进会 2018183

详细信息
    作者简介:

    傅江良(1993-), 男, 浙江绍兴人, 硕士研究生, 2016年于浙江工业大学获得学士学位, 现为中国科学院大学硕士研究生, 主要研究方向为航天器编队飞行、动力学与控制。E-mail:fujiangliang@outlook.com

    甘庆波(1982-), 男, 江西萍乡人, 博士, 副研究员, 2004年于中南大学获得学士学位, 2011年于中国科学院研究生院获得博士学位, 现为中国科学院国家天文台副研究员, 主要研究方向为天体测量与天体力学。E-mail: ganqingbo@nao.cas.cn

  • 中图分类号: V44

Design and trade-off study of proof masses for future spatial drag-free missions

Funds: 

National Natural Science Foundation of China 11303029

National Natural Science Foundation of China U1731131

Youth Innovation Promotion Association of Chinese Academy of Sciences 2018183

More Information
  • 摘要: 检验质量是无拖曳航天器的惯性参考基准,对检验质量进行结构优化设计、材料选择以及不同配置方案的分析比较,能够为今后无拖曳航天任务中引力参考敏感器的模块化设计提供参考。本文首先分析了检验质量形状的取决要素和设计准则,以空间等效原理检验实验中圆柱体检验质量为例,建立了点质量引力源对检验质量的引力耦合模型,推导了检验质量形状尺寸的优化设计过程,并针对检验质量约束作用面和主惯性矩的特殊考量,分析了其对形状尺寸设计的影响。然后从最大化科学测量信号强度和最小化噪声扰动两方面对检验质量的材料进行选择,得到低磁化率、高密度、低热膨胀系数等属性的材料作为检验质量的备选。最后以空间引力波探测实验为例,从加速度噪声性能指标、方案继承性和技术成熟度、无拖曳控制复杂度等方面对检验质量的不同配置方案进行权衡取舍和比较研究。

     

  • 图 1  空间等效原理实验的检验质量示意图

    Figure 1.  Schematic of possible proof masses for test of equivalence principle in space

    图 2  检验质量尺寸设计流程图

    Figure 2.  Size design diagram of proof mass

    图 3  空心圆柱体检验质量与点质量引力源的相互作用

    Figure 3.  Gravitational interaction between a point source mass and the hollow cylindrical proof mass

    图 4  环带形/直圆柱体混合结构的检验质量

    Figure 4.  Proof masses with hybrid structure of ring-shaped/straight cylinder

    图 5  带有平面的空心圆柱体检验质量

    Figure 5.  A hollow cylindrical proof mass with 'flats'

    图 6  球形检验质量的本体极迹运动

    Figure 6.  Polhode motion of spherical proof mass

    图 7  部分镂空的球体结构

    Figure 7.  Sphere structure with partial hollow

    表  1  无拖曳卫星应用实例及其检验质量形状

    Table  1.   Application examples of drag-free satellite and their proof mass shapes

    科学任务 实例 检验质量形状
    轨道预测 TRIAD I 球体
    地球重力场测量 CHAMP、GRACE、GOCE 立方体
    等效原理检验 MICROSCOPE 圆柱体
    广义相对论效应测量 GP-B 球体
    引力波探测 LISA Pathfinder 立方体
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  2  LISA检验质量的4种配置方案

    Table  2.   Four configurations of LISA proof mass

    配置方案1 配置方案2 配置方案3 配置方案4
    检验质量构型示意图
    检验质量形状 立方体 立方体 球体 球体
    每个航天器中检验质量个数 2 1 1 1
    是否主动控制检验质量旋转
    检验质量相对运动状态测量系统 静电测量+光学测量 光学测量 光学测量 光学测量
    检验质量是否需要静电悬浮
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  3  LISA不同配置方案中总的加速度噪声比较

    Table  3.   Comparison of the total acceleration noises for four LISA configurations

    加速度噪声δa/(10-16ms-2Hz-1/2) 方案1 方案2 方案3 方案4
    环境噪声δaenv 10.7 10.7 8.49 8.49
    刚度相关的噪声δastiff 5.75 1.17 0.15 6.0
    静电悬浮系统引入的噪声δaf 10.8 2.15
    传感器引入的噪声δas 3.88 3.88 可忽略 可忽略
    总的加速度扰动δatotal 16.7 11.64 8.5 10.4
    附注:
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  4  LISA不同配置方案中控制自由度数量比较

    Table  4.   Control DOF count comparison for four LISA configurations

    自由度数量 方案1 方案2 方案3/4
    单个航天器 平动 9 6 6
    转动 9 6 3
    其它 1 1 1
    三个航体器总计 57 39 30
    控制矩阵维数 57×57 39×39 30×30
    下载: 导出CSV
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  • 收稿日期:  2018-11-08
  • 修回日期:  2019-01-04
  • 刊出日期:  2019-06-01

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